Book Freak #193: How to Decide
Simple Tools for Making Better Choices
Mark Frauenfelder
Jan 13, 2026
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Stop “Resulting”
“Resulting” is Duke’s term for judging a decision’s quality by its outcome. A good decision can lead to a bad outcome (and vice versa) because of factors outside your control. When you overfit decision quality to outcome quality, you risk repeating errors that preceded a lucky good outcome and avoiding good decisions that didn’t work out due to bad luck.
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“The quality of the outcome casts a shadow over our ability to see the quality of the decision.” — Annie Duke poker player
What a great observation! Too often, I’ve confused the result with the decision process. I wonder now, if I’ve been betrayed by my own paradigms?
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